Boise State University Information

BSU was originally founded as Boise Junior College in 1932 and was sponsored by the Episcopal Church. Regional accreditation was approved in 1941 and four-year status was approved in 1965. Boise Junior College officially entered the state system of higher education in 1969 as Boise State College and adopted its current name in 1974.

The University now awards associate, bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees. It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

Boise State University defines its goal as “to foster an intellectual atmosphere that produces educated, literate people—people knowledgeable of public affairs, committed to lifelong learning, and capable of creative problem-solving.”

Branch campus sites are located in Canyon County Center, Gowen Field, Mountain Home, and Twin Falls. Courses are offered in these campuses through the vision of extended studies, which also runs summer programs, noncredit programs, distance education, and other programs.
Boise State University Academics

Boise State includes nine Colleges and Divisions that offer 190 different fields of study, as well as research and internship opportunities. In addition to the colleges of Applied Technology (Selland College), Arts & Sciences, Business & Economics, Education, Engineering, Health Sciences, and Social Sciences & Public Affairs; Boise State is home to a Division of Extended Studies that provides opportunities for distance learning, professional development, weekend classes, summer classes, and international programs.

Bachelor’s degrees are awarded in a number of different disciplines in all colleges (except the Graduate College). Some of the fields of study represented include the arts and sciences, wildlife management, theatre arts, visual arts, exercise, science, education, engineering, radiology, nursing, communication, political science, manufacturing systems technology, semiconductor technology, and wildland fire management. Certificates and associate degrees are offered in many of the technology programs and in other fields such as legal assistance. The University offers interdisciplinary minors in addiction studies, Canadian studies, and gender studies, and a certificate in dispute resolution. A minor to become a legal assistant is also available.

Master’s degrees are awarded in 46 fields. These include various degrees in education, music, engineering, creative writing, and in raptor biology. An MFA in visual art and an MSW in social work are also available. The business school offers an MBA. Graduate certificate programs are also available in addiction studies, geospatial information analysis, health services leadership, technology integration, online technology, school technology coordination, and technical communication.

The school awards two doctoral degrees, an Ed.D in education curriculum and instruction, and a Ph.D. in geophysics.
Unique Programs

Sixteen special research, service, and development centers are located at Boise State. These include such diverse areas of interest as Economic Education, Idaho History, Conflict Management, and Raptor Research. While the centers provide classes and specializations that might be of interest to undergraduates, they are primarily focused on research and informing the public about their particular areas of focus.

Boise State’s colleges and divisions offer several unique interdisciplinary minors. These areas of study combine the curriculum of two or more fields to give students specialized areas of expertise. They are Addiction Studies, Canadian Studies, Dispute Resolution, Legal Assistance, and Gender Studies.
Financial Aid

Boise State requires that students who receive or are eligible to receive financial aid make satisfactory academic progress, file their FAFSA on time, demonstrate financial need, provide proof of a high school diploma or GED, not be default on prior loans, and register with Selective Service. Aid programs include grants, government loans (including the PLUS loan), alternative loans that may be provided through a private service, scholarships, and work-study programs located on campus.

In-state tuition and fees for undergraduate students were $3520 in 2004-2005. Students applying from out of state and graduate students will have different costs.

Financial aid is available with a combination of grants, scholarships, loans, and work-study programs.
Boise State University Students

In addition to the numerous classroom, dormitory, athletic, and administration buildings, Boise State University has a center for the performing arts with a ten-story stage, 732 mezzanine seats and 1268 Orchestra level seats.

The Boise State University Library offers electronic catalogs and on-line databases, in additional to physical volumes stored on site. Special collections include rare books, manuscripts, photographs, and other materials related to Idaho and the American West, a map library, and federal, state and local government materials.

Boise State is home to 18,500 making it the largest university in the State of Idaho. The campus is home to 170 student organizations and includes new residence halls and the $12 million Student Recreation Center. Students have the opportunity to get involved in a number of organizations, including service-learning, the campus radio station, and various Greek organizations. The Arbiter is the campus’ student-run newspaper and publishes submissions from student writers and editors.

The Student Recreation Center includes a gymnasium with three full-size basketball courts, four racquetball courts, a student lounge, massage therapy facilities, a climbing gym, a free weight area, and a group exercise room.
Boise State University Traditions

Few trademarks are as recognizable or as proudly demonstrated as the blue astro turf of Bronco Stadium. Every televised game and following highlight makes the stadium undeniably recognizable to every Bronco fan across the country.
Local Community

Boise is rightly called the City of Trees for its urban parks and outstanding outdoor life. A river flows through the city, providing 25 miles of riverfront green space to play and relax in. Other outdoor attractions include the Morrison-Knudsen Nature Center and the World Center for Birds of Prey. There are a good deal of cultural attractions in Boise, including the Idaho Anne Frank Human Rights Memorial and the Idaho Black History Museum. City facilities accommodating athletes looking to play golf, tennis, or just take a swim.

The city of Boise is the capital of the Idaho, and Idaho’s largest city. Some of the arts and cultural programs available in the area include ballet, theatre, visual arts, museums of history, the World Center for Birds of Prey, and outdoor recreational parks and facilities, including Bogus Basin Ski Resort.

Read more: Boise State University Information, Academics, History, Financial Aid, Alumni, Academics, Campus, and Students http://boise.stateuniversity.com.

Nicole Richie race

Nicole Richie race is Mexican, African American, and Creole.
but; half black half white?
nndb.com says: Multiracial
Father: Peter Michael Escovedo (musician, musical director on The Wayne Brady Show)
Father race (Mexican): Lionel Richie (adoptive father)
Mother race (black): Brenda Harvey-Richie (adoptive mother)
Nicole Richie ethnic background
Nicole Camille Richie was born in USA so, She is nationality of American.
Born Date:21-Sep-1981
Age:30
Religion:Unknown

History of Cigars Book

Dating back to the Arawak Indians who greeted Columbus on his arrival in the West Indies, the cigar is for many a symbol of all the good things in life. It is a luxury on a par with the finest of wines or a truly gastronomic meal, which it accompanies admirably. The first book in the Cigars boxed set explores the history and traditions of the cigar, from how cigar tobacco is grown and harvested, to the significance of the cigar ring and how to detect a counterfeit cigar. There is a practical buyer's guide listing shops and clubs completing the volume. The second book takes the reader on a taste tour of individual cigars, exploring the qualities of sight, smell, touch, and taste that make a truly great cigar. Eighty-eight cigars are tested in total: eighty from Cuba, undeniably the greatest cigar-producing country in the world, with the remaining examples drawn from the Canaries, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Each cigar is presented via a clear, easy-to-read table, giving it a mark out of ten based on criteria such as flavor, aroma, and quality of combustion. Each table is accompanied by an original, life-sized photograph of the cigar under examination. The handy presentation of the Cigars boxed set and the range of interesting facts presented makes this the perfect gift for anyone who revels in the aroma of a fine Monte Cristo or Romeo y Julieta.

Tougher rules fail to prevent tragedies from plastic surgery

Tougher rules fail to prevent tragedies from plastic surgery

By Bob LaMendola and Sally Kestin

Young mothers, middle-aged men and grandparents. All were among at least 32 people who died in Florida in the past decade in the pursuit of beauty – soon after cosmetic surgery.

That's about the same number of deaths that occurred in the 1990s, leading the state Board of Medicine to pass rules restricting cosmetic procedures performed in doctors' offices – rules still considered among the toughest in the nation.

One reason for the continued deaths may be a huge growth in cosmetic surgeries, but some surgeons, malpractice attorneys and industry experts say problems persist, and the state needs to do more.

"If there are that many deaths, there's still something very wrong," said Becky Cherney, an Orlando health care advocate who was a member of the medical board that passed the rules. "People elect to have plastic surgery and they end up dying? It's a senseless loss of life."

The deceased include four South Florida mothers in their 30s who went under the knife in the past two years to have love handles and bra rolls shrunk via liposuction, state incident reports and police records show.

In one case, a 32-year-old Miami mother of six went for liposuction at a Broward County plastic surgery office in February 2010. She died the next afternoon from a toxic mix of the surgical anesthetic lidocaine and oxycodone pain pills "complicating elective cosmetic surgery,'' according to an autopsy report.

Dr. Brett Coldiron, a University of Cincinnati dermatology surgeon who has researched plastic surgery in Florida, tallied 26 deaths and 131 hospitalizations from 2000 through 2009. The Sun Sentinel documented six deaths since then, through autopsy and police reports.

The deaths have had various causes, including poor medical care by doctors, bad reactions to anesthesia, and heart and breathing emergencies during surgery. Some were due to unavoidable complications that can happen in any type of surgery, even under the best conditions. The causes of the two most recent deaths have not been determined.

Florida's medical board tracks cosmetic surgery deaths and complications, but so far has not identified any trends or patterns that would require a change in the rules, said two board members from Fort Lauderdale, Dr. Zachariah P. Zachariah and Dr. Nabil El Sanadi. The medical board enforces laws involving physicians.

Both said the board should take another look at the issue, based on a cluster of five deaths in the past 21 months in Broward County.

"It's easy to second guess, but there needs to be a systematic approach to looking at all this," El Sanadi said. "Is it one place not complying with laws, or is it the system letting us down?... We don't know.''

The medical board first addressed the dangers of plastic surgery in 1999, after a series by the Sun Sentinel that found 34 deaths in the preceding 12 years. Some were blamed on lengthy surgeries involving multiple procedures at doctors' offices that were not then being regulated.

The board wrangled for two years before imposing rules that included regular inspections of physician surgery offices, a ban on overnight stays, and limits on liposuction and lengthy operations.

Since then, demand for elective cosmetic surgery has mushroomed nationally, fueled in part by public interest in celebrity surgeries and makeover shows on TV. The number of procedures nearly doubled since 2000 to an estimated 13.1 million last year, according to surveys of doctors done by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.

Appearance-conscious Florida has been in the forefront. The number of doctors' offices registered to perform surgery jumped from 285 in 2004 to more than 400 today, state figures show. Half of those are in South Florida, with about 50 each in Broward and Palm Beach counties, and 100 in Miami-Dade. Some doctors appeal to modest-income families by offering discounted prices and payment plans.

Nationally, studies show a death rate of 2 per 100,000 cosmetic surgeries in physician offices. But no one counts the number of plastic surgery procedures in Florida so a statewide death rate cannot be calculated.

Coldiron said the industry has gotten better, but "cosmetic surgery is still not as safe as it should be in Florida."

Several malpractice attorneys said the state has not done enough to enforce the present rules and does not punish violators severely.

"The governor and Legislature talk a lot about protecting the medical industry," said Michael Freedland, a Weston attorney who represents families in two liposuction death cases. "I'd like to hear more talk about how we protect patients."

Anthony Weiner Jewish

Is Anthony Weiner Jewish?
Yes he is. He is a jew.
Anthony Weiner ethnic background

Justin Bieber jewish

Is Justin Bieber Jewish?
No he isn't.
His religion is Christian.
Justin Bieber ethnicity

History of USA

For many years I have contemplated writing a history of the United States in a single volume, that should fall between the elaborate works, which are beyond the reach of most busy people, and the condensed school histories, which are emasculated of all literary style through the necessity of crowding so many facts into small space.

In writing this history my aim has been to present an accurate narrative of the origin and growth of our country and its institutions in such a form as to interest the general reader. I have constantly borne in mind the great importance of combining the science of historical research with the art of historical composition. I have aimed also, especially when treating the national period, to balance the narrative and critical features in intelligent proportion. A mere recital of facts, without historic criticism, without reference to the undercurrents that move society, is no longer acceptable in this age of thinking readers.

I have endeavored to write, as stated, for the general reader, but not with a patronizing form of expression, as if addressed to the uneducated, or to children, nor with a burden of worthless incident and detail, nor yet with any effort to please those who delight only in the spectacular. At the same time, knowing that many intelligent people who wish to know something of their country are not fond of reading history, I have given careful attention to style, in the hope that the book might be easy and pleasurable to read, as well as instructive.

I have devoted much space to the life of the people, -- their habits, modes of life, occupations, general progress, and the like, especially in the earlier period when they differed most widely from ourselves. But in treating the national period I have, however, without neglecting the industrial and social features, given greater space to political and constitutional development, as in this the life of a people who govern themselves is epitomized.

In my treatment of wars and disputes with foreign powers, I am aware that, with all my effort to view a subject from a neutral, judicial standpoint, an unconscious bias may be discerned; but should the book find any foreign readers, I beg them to remember that I have written absolutely sine ira.

In treating the Civil War and the great events that led to it, I have taken the utmost care to be fair to both sides; though as a native and resident of the North I no doubt partake of the prejudice of my section, if such prejudice can still be said to exist. I have refrained from using the terms "rebel" and "traitor" to designate those who rose in rebellion against the government, because of my profound respect for their sincerity.

One subject -- American literature -- I had hoped to treat with greater fullness; but I found that an adequate treatment of this very important subject would require too great a space for the scope of this volume. It is therefore recommended that this phase of our history be studied in separate works devoted to the purpose.1

The notes at the ends of the chapters are intended to elucidate something that has preceded in the text, to give personal traits of leading characters, to mention matters of too meager importance for the main narrative, or, as in many cases, to relate some event of real importance which did not exactly fit in the body of the text.

In preparing this work I have had frequent recourse to the original sources, but make no pretense that the work is based wholly, or even chiefly, on original research. I have freely used the works of other writers. A large number of these have been cited in the footnotes for the purpose of aiding the reader who desires to pursue the subject further, or to acknowledge an obligation to an author whose thought or form of expression has been, in some measure, adopted. Much information, however, has been gathered from sources not herein mentioned.

That the work may be accepted as authoritative throughout, I have exercised the utmost care to secure historic accuracy; but absolute accuracy is not always attainable, especially where points are under dispute, and where such a great number of subjects are to be treated. The pointing out of any errors by the reader will be deemed a kindness.

My thanks are due to many kind friends for suggestions; to various librarians in Philadelphia and New York for special courtesies; to Mr. Stewart Culing, former curator and Indian specialist of the University of Pennsylvania, who kindly read and criticised the chapter dealing with the Indian character. Above all, I am indebted to Professor Herman V. Ames of the University of Pennsylvania, who read the greater portion of the manuscript and made many important suggestions. To his thorough scholarship and ripe judgment I have deferred in many instances.

9 ways toward younger-looking skin

9 ways toward younger-looking skin
Popular treatments run the gamut, and so do the price tags
By January W. Payne

No one likes looking older . . . which is why we spend billions of dollars every year on over-the-counter products, prescription creams and fillers, and, most drastically, cosmetic surgery. Do any of these actually work to reduce the signs of aging? In many cases, yes — at least temporarily. But given the considerable costs and potential risks, it's important to be smart in your choices.

How to find a doctor? A good first step is to make sure the doctor is board-certified by the appropriate organization (the American Board of Cosmetic Surgery, the American Board of Plastic Surgery or American Board of Otolaryngology, for instance). Check with your state medical board to see if the doctor has complaints on file.

Dermatologists can prescribe skin creams, perform laser skin-resurfacing and chemical peels and administer injections. Surgical procedures can be performed by plastic surgeons and some ear, nose and throat doctors (otolaryngologists).

When you pick a doctor, ask how often and how frequently he or she performs the procedure that you're having. If the doc works from an outpatient surgical center, ask whether he or she has hospital privileges should any problems arise during your surgery.

Here's a quick guide to some of the most popular treatments and procedures:

1. Retinoid creams

Many over-the-counter products claim to help fight wrinkles; topical retinoid (derived from vitamin A) creams may be the best bet. "They're the only thing that's been proven to get rid of wrinkles that you already have," says Leslie Baumann, a Miami Beach, Fla., dermatologist in private practice and the author of "The Skin Type Solution: A Revolutionary Guide to Your Best Skin Ever" (Bantam). You can buy an over-the-counter retinoid for less than $20. Dermatologists can prescribe stronger retinoid creams, such as Retin-A, than what you'll find on store shelves.

2. Over-the-counter peptide creams

Creams containing peptides — short snippets of linked amino acids — can reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, but haven't been shown to work as well as retinoids. As skin ages, it loses collagen and becomes wrinkled and thin; creams containing peptides are supposed to encourage the skin to make new collagen. Peptides are found in a variety of products, from the inexpensive to the very expensive, but you don't have to ante up to get their benefit, advises Jeffrey Benabio, a dermatologist who writes The Dermatology Blog (thedermblog.com). He says Olay Regenerist (which costs less than $20) is as good as the pricey stuff.

3. Microdermabrasion

Microdermabrasion uses tiny, fine particles or a very hard diamond-tipped wand to slough off cells from the top layer of the skin and encourage new skin growth. The procedure is usually not painful, though it can be uncomfortable, and it doesn't require an anesthetic or recovery period; skin heals quickly. You may require multiple procedures spaced a few weeks apart.

It also might be a good idea to discuss which technique your doctor plans to use, as a study published in October in Archives of Dermatology found that a rougher buffing of the skin is better than a lighter touch. The average cost of microdermabrasion was $164 in 2008, according to the American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery. Because the effects last only between three and five days, some may not find it worthwhile, Baumann says.

4. Laser skin resurfacing

Laser resurfacing uses high-intensity light to zap and improve the look of wrinkles and scars by tightening loose skin. The effect of your treatment and recovery time vary.

"We have lasers that can be superficial or intermediate and deep," says Bahman Guyuron, chairman of the department of plastic surgery at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio, who has been researching cosmetic treatments for about 30 years. You may see redness from one day to two weeks, depending on how aggressive the treatment is, he says.

The average cost of laser resurfacing was $2,669 in 2008, according to the AACS. The benefits of laser resurfacing usually last between two and five years but if you smoke or don't use sunscreen, they're likely to be on the shorter end of that spectrum, says Baumann.

5. Chemical peels

Used to address mild acne scars, age spots, dull skin texture, skin discoloration or wrinkles around the eyes or mouth, chemical peels remove the outer layers of the skin and encourage the growth of new, smoother, more evenly colored skin.

Depending on the peel's intensity — which can range from superficial to deep — it may cause reddening and peeling that can last up to several weeks. The average cost for chemical peels was $672 in 2008, according to the AACS. The benefits of superficial peels last about a month, while deep peels have results that can last several years.

6. Botox or Dysport

Injections of the now familiar Botox or Dysport — which also contains botulism toxin — can paralyze tiny facial muscles, smoothing out the appearance of lines or wrinkles. The cost of Botox will vary depending on location and doctor, but averaged $443 in 2008, according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery website. The effects of injections may last three to six months. The more injections you've previously had, the longer the results last, Guyuron says.

7. Filler injections

Injections of fillers containing hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring sugar that gets lost when you age, can fill in lines and wrinkles by plumping them up while adding volume to skin, says Baumann. The average cost of treatment was $589 in 2008, according to the AACS. The effects generally last between six months and a year.

8. Cosmetic surgery

Lifting the skin on the face, neck, eyelids and forehead can give a tighter appearance. What were once traditionally open procedures with larger incisions can now often be done endoscopically, with smaller incisions strategically placed in difficult-to-detect areas, such as under the hairline. The procedures can run a few thousand dollars. Face-lifts were the most expensive cosmetic procedure in 2008, with an average cost of $7,007, according to the AACS.

The effects of cosmetic surgery are somewhat permanent. If a person looks 10 years younger as a result of having surgery, Guyuron says, that person will always look 10 years younger.

9. Prevention

If the measures mentioned here sound extreme and expensive, start wearing sunscreen every day to lessen cumulative exposure to the sun, which can wreak havoc later in life, says Angelo Cuzalina, president of the AACS. "When (people) were younger ... they didn't think (the sun) caused any bad signs. Now they're really feeling the effects of it 30 years later."

Healthful eating and regular physical activity also play into skin health. Some doctors, Cuzalina included, will not perform surgery on patients who are so overweight that it might jeopardize post-surgical results. Cuzalina usually refers obese patients to a weight loss clinic before he'll operate.

Information Of Mars

 Named for the Roman god of War, Mars probably got this name due to its red color. It is sometimes referred to as the Red Planet. The name of the month March derives from Mars. Known since prehistoric times, Mars is still a favorite of choice for human exploration.

The density of Mars is about 30 percent less than that of Earth (3.94 g/cm3 vs. 5.52 g/cm3). Its core is probably similar to Earth's, mostly iron, with small amounts of nickel, but spacecraft mapping of its gravity field seem to indicate that its iron-rich core and mantle are a smaller portion of its volume than on Earth. Also, its smaller magnetic field than Earth, indicates a solid, rather than liquid core.

Mars' atmosphere is 95 percent carbon dioxide, nearly 3 percent nitrogen, and nearly 2 percent argon with trace quantities of oxygen, carbon monoxide, water vapor, ozone, and other trace gases.

The average temperature on Mars is about -55 C or -67 F. It can range from -133 C or -207 F at the winter pole to almost 27 C or 80 F on the day side during summer. Orbiting 227,940,000 km (1.52 AU) from Sun, the Martian year is nearly two Earth years, while its day is only about half an hour longer than Earth's.

Botox and Dysport Face Off on Crow's Feet

Botox and Dysport Face Off on Crow's Feet

By MIKAELA CONLEY

The wrinkle results are in and might surprise some people. The anti-wrinkle injection Dysport proved better at reducing crow's feet than its older, more popular competition, Botox.

So says a first-of-its-kind study, published in the Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, which compared the two different kinds of botulinum toxins. In a 30-day trial, researchers injected 90 study participants with both medications, using one kind on the right side of the face and the other on the left. They found that both physicians and patients rated Dysport as more effective at reducing crow's feet lines, while smiling, than Botox.

When the facial muscles were at rest, researchers noted no significant differences between the two agents.

"In this study, we were injecting the two agents in the same person's face," said Dr. Cory Maas, a San Francisco-based facial plastic surgeon and lead author of the study. "The sites were far enough away from each other so that the agents could not have an effect on each other, and by doing a split-face study, we have taken all the variables out of the equation, like age, gender and ethnicity."

Funding for the study was solicited from both Medicis Aesthetics Inc., the maker of Dysport, and Allergan Inc., the creator of Botox, but only Medicis Aesthetics funded the study.

"The key issue is the claim of superiority that is being made based on a small study," said Kellie Lao, an Allergan spokesperson, in an emailed statement. "In order for a superiority claim to be validated, it requires a large, well-controlled, double blind, head-to-head comparative trial and neither Allergan nor Medicis has published such a study that would substantiate any claims of superiority."

"This study only reported data out to 30 days, so the long-term comparative efficacy is unknown," continued Lao. "This is of critical importance to patients and practitioners."

Medicis Aesthetics Inc. did not return requests for comment.

Botulinum toxin, a protein that was long considered harmful, has now been widely adopted for cosmetic and medical uses. While the term "botox" is typically used to describe the muscle paralyzing injections, there are actually a few kinds of botulinum toxins on the market. Both products analyzed in the study are FDA-approved for certain kinds of cosmetic procedures, but are considered off-label use for treatment around the eyes.

"The results are surprising to me, as I use both products and find them comparable," said Dr. Julius Few, founder of the Few Institute for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. "I believe the study was very well done and the investigators are well-respected in our field. I do find that some patients prefer Botox and others prefer Dysport for subjective reasons that are difficult to objectify."

Dr. Maurice Khosh, a Manhattan-based plastic surgeon, said he uses the products interchangeably, so he was also surprised by the results. Based on the study results, he "may begin to use Dysport more for the lateral orbital region."

Many doctors use both kinds of brands in their offices, but some prefer Botox because it was the first on the market, it is more recognized by patients and patients commonly ask for the brand.

"Some will choose based on the cost of the product," said Dr. Gregory H. Branham, professor and chief of facial plastic surgery at Washington University in Saint Louis. "The most important aspect of using these different botulinum toxins is not which one you get, but making sure that you are being injected by a reputable and respected physician who does a lot of these injections."

Few agreed that both kinds offer positive results, and the most important part of the injection process comes from the doctors doing the injecting.
Dysport Beats Competition

"While the study indicates superiority of Dysport over Botox in the crow's feet area -- the outer corner of the eyes -- I typically follow the wishes of the patient's preference," Few said. "Some patients prefer one over the other and I follow the patients' request. … I believe that both can be used effectively and the results of the treatment are more dependent on the injectors experience and skill, than the product."

It is critical for a patient to receive botulinum toxin injections from a trained, board certified plastic surgeon or dermatologist, Few said.

And Branham of Washington University noted that more complications arise from mis-injections than from choosing one product over another.

Few said: "You also want to make sure the product is legitimate and not counterfeit or illicit, as many products overseas are produced by a different standard."

Several physicians recommended that anyone who is considering botulinum toxin injections, or any other injection for that matter, visit www.injectablesafety.org to research the product. The website is devoted to providing the public with unbiased information regarding injectable cosmetic treatments.

Experts said they hope to see more controlled studies from unbiased institutions in order to get an even better grasp on the options out there.

"I think the study was very good in addressing a question that had not been answered up [until] now," plastic surgeon Khosh said. "Although Botox has a huge advantage in terms of market share and name recognition, a study such as this, in addition to the cost advantage, will make Dysport more competitive in general cosmetic uses."

Study author Maas said, "It's good for us to know that we have good, quality options out there for patients. When we have choices and there is good competition, it helps both the doctor and the patient."

The Only Way Is Essex star Amy Childs slips as she tries to leave the Crazy Bear Members'

Oops: The Only Way Is Essex star Amy Childs slips as she tries to leave the Crazy Bear Members' Club in London's Covent Garden last night


Following the runaway success of reality show The Only Way Is Essex, Amy Childs has been enjoying her newfound fame.

But as many celebrities have done before her, it was only a matter of time before the aspiring glamour model was photographed looking a tad worse for wear.

Looking stunning in a figure-hugging white dress, the 20-year-old was left redfaced as she crashed onto the floor outside a London club last night.


Stacking it: Amy crashes to the floor knees first, dropping a cigarette on the floor in the process


The reality star made her ungainly exit after attending her new manager Claire Powell's 45th birthday party at the Crazy Bear Members' Club in Covent Garden.
Also in attendance was Powell's other clients Peter Andre, Kerry Katona and Amanda Holden.

Despite her fall, Amy brushed herself off and like a trouper, headed off to the G-A-Y night at Heaven nightclub a few blocks away to watch JLS and X Factor evictee Aiden Grimshaw perform.


Pride before a fall: A composed Amy showed off her figure in a pristine white bandeau dress before her fall


She enthused on her Twitter page: 'Had a brilliant night at G-A-Y tonight ... JLS was great and had a cheeky chat with Aiden Grimshaw.'

After meeting 18-year-old Aiden, Amy joked he made her feel 'old' because he was two years younger than her.

Writing a Twitter message to him, she said: 'Hey babe great meeting you tonight... You was great on set. Can't believe you're only 18. Ha feel an oldie.'

It was a long day for Amy who was up bright and early on Saturday morning to open a new Sally salon supply store in Fulham.

After a brief shopping trip to Harrods, Amy dashed home to Brentwood, Essex to get ready for her epic night out.

Clearly up for a big night, she wrote on Twitter: 'Tonight is gonna be the best night ever.


New friends: Amy poses outside the Crazy Bear with new acquaintance Kerry Katona, who shares the same management company as her


Since The Only Way Is Essex launched on ITV2 in October, Amy has quickly become one of the show's most sought-after stars

The beautician, who admitted to having breast enlargement at 18 and lip implants, has embraced her new celebrity status and has quickly become a regular on the London party circuit.

She signed up with Powell two weeks ago to capitalise on her newfound fame.

History of 15th June

June 15 is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 199 days remaining until the end of the year.
Contents
[hide]

    1 Events
    2 Births
    3 Deaths
    4 Holidays and observances
    5 External links    763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.
    923 – Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.
    1184 – King Magnus V of Norway is killed at the Battle of Fimreite.
    1215 – King John of England puts his seal to the Magna Carta.
    1219 – Northern Crusades: Danish victory at the Battle of Lyndanisse (modern-day Tallinn) establishes the Danish Duchy of Estonia. According to legend, this battle also marks the first use of the Dannebrog, the world's first national flag still in use, as the national flag of Denmark.
    1246 – With the death of Duke Frederick II, the Babenberg dynasty ends in Austria.
    1389 – Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians.
    1520 – Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicate Martin Luther in papal bull Exsurge Domine.
    1580 – Philip II of Spain declares William the Silent to be an outlaw.
    1667 – The first human blood transfusion is administered by Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys.
    1752 – Benjamin Franklin proves that lightning is electricity (traditional date, the exact date is unknown).
    1775 – American Revolutionary War: George Washington is appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.
    1776 – Delaware Separation Day – Delaware votes to suspend government under the British Crown and separate officially from Pennsylvania.
    1785 – Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier, co-pilot of the first-ever manned flight (1783), and his companion, Pierre Romain, become the first-ever casualties of an air crash when their hot air balloon explodes during their attempt to cross the English Channel.
    1804 – New Hampshire approves the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratifying the document.
    1808 – Joseph Bonaparte becomes King of Spain.
    1836 – Arkansas is admitted as the 25th U.S. state.
    1844 – Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.
    1846 – The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as the border between the United States and Canada, from the Rocky Mountains to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
    1859 – Pig War: Ambiguity in the Oregon Treaty leads to the "Northwestern Boundary Dispute" between United States and British/Canadian settlers.
    1864 – American Civil War: The Second Battle of Petersburg begins.
    1864 – Arlington National Cemetery is established when 200 acres (0.81 km2) around Arlington Mansion (formerly owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee) are officially set aside as a military cemetery by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.
    1867 – Atlantic Cable Quartz Lode gold mine located in Montana.
    1877 – Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.
    1888 – Crown Prince Wilhelm becomes Kaiser Wilhelm II; he will be the last Emperor of the German Empire.
    1896 – The deadliest tsunami in Japan's history kills more than 22,000 people.
    1904 – A fire aboard the steamboat SS General Slocum in New York City's East River kills 1,000.
    1905 – Princess Margaret of Connaught marries Gustaf, Crown Prince of Sweden.
    1909 – Representatives from England, Australia and South Africa meet at Lord's and form the Imperial Cricket Conference.
    1913 – The Battle of Bud Bagsak in the Philippines ends.
    1916 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America, making them the only American youth organization with a federal charter.
    1919 – John Alcock and Arthur Brown complete the first nonstop transatlantic flight when they reach Clifden, County Galway, Ireland.
    1920 – Duluth lynchings in Minnesota.
    1920 – A new border treaty between Germany and Denmark gives northern Schleswig to Denmark.
    1934 – The U.S. Great Smoky Mountains National Park is founded.
    1937 – A German expedition led by Karl Wien loses sixteen members in an avalanche on Nanga Parbat. It is the worst single disaster to occur on an 8000m peak.
    1940 – World War II: Operation Ariel begins – Allied troops start to evacuate France, following Germany's takeover of Paris and most of the nation.
    1944 – World War II: Battle of Saipan: The United States invade Japanese-occupied Saipan.
    1944 – In the Saskatchewan general election, the CCF, led by Tommy Douglas, is elected and forms the first socialist government in North America.
    1945 – The General Dutch Youth League (ANJV) is founded in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    1954 – UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) is formed in Basel, Switzerland.
    1955 – The Eisenhower administration stages the first annual "Operation Alert" (OPAL) exercise, an attempt to assess the USA's preparations for a nuclear attack.
    1978 – King Hussein of Jordan marries American Lisa Halaby, who takes the name Queen Noor.
    1985 – Rembrandt's painting Danaë is attacked by a man (later judged insane) who throws sulfuric acid on the canvas and cuts it twice with a knife.
    1992 – The United States Supreme Court rules in United States v. Álvarez-Machaín that it is permissible for the United States to forcibly extradite suspects in foreign countries and bring them to the USA for trial, without approval from those other countries.
    1994 – Israel and Vatican City establish full diplomatic relations.
    1996 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army explodes a large bomb in the middle of Manchester, England.
    2002 – Near-Earth asteroid 2002 MN misses the Earth by 75,000 miles (121,000 km), about one-third of the distance between the Earth and the Moon.

Dayanara Torres ethnicity

Dayanara Torres ethnicity is Spanish-Puerto Rican.

Dayanara Torres Delgado was born in 28 October 1974, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Age:37
Nationality:Puerto Rican
Height:175 cm

Rihanna ethnic background

What is rihanna's ethnic background?

Rihanna ethnic background is Afro-Bajan, Irish ancestry  and Afro-Guyanese descent.
Rihanna ethnicity is half black + half white.
Robyn Rihanna Fenty was born in February 20, 1988 in Saint Michael, Barbados.
She is 23 years old. Her nationality of Barbados.
FAMILY NAME'S:
Father: Ronald Fenty (store supervisor)
Mother: Monica (accountant)
Brother: Rorrey
Brother: Rajad
Boyfriend: Chris Brown (singer, together 2008-09)
Boyfriend: Drake (rapper, together 2009)
Boyfriend: Matt Kemp (pro baseball player, together 2009-)

Kate Middleton jewish

What is religion of Kate Middleton?

I think Kate Middleton is probably Jewish.
Kate Middleton jewish root or not.
One of the issues that are popular in recent days, Kate Middleton is Jewish.
This is the subject of many search engine's list.
Kate Middleton ethnicity

Paula Patton race ethnicity

What nationality/ethnicity is Paula Patton?

Paula Patton ethnicity race: African American - Multiracial.
Paula Patton was born in 5-Dec-1975 in Los Angeles, CA.
Age:36
Nationality:United States
Source:wikipedia.org

Nicole snooki polizzi ethnicity

Nicole snooki polizzi ethnicity is Chilean - Native American.

Nicole Catherine Polizzi was born in November 23, 1987 in Santiago, Chile.
Age:24
Height:147 cm.

Why are more men opting for cosmetic surgery?

Why are more men opting for cosmetic surgery?
By Leslie Tamura

In his 50s, Joe Marek said, he felt “young and powerful.” But when he looked in the mirror, he saw a worn-out person.

Deep wrinkles lined his face, said Marek, a software engineer who lives in Laurel. His brow drooped. He had permanent bags under his eyes. The skin under his chin sagged.

Marek knew what he wanted: plastic surgery.

“It was just a matter of ‘As soon as I get the money together, I’m going to do it,’ ” he said. In May 2010, he got a facelift plus eyelid and nose surgery.

Marek, now 57, was part of a trend — a small trend, but one that is being eagerly followed by the nip-and-tuck industry. Men had 1.2 million cosmetic procedures last year, up 2 percent from 2009, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Still, women accounted for 91 percent of all cosmetic procedures that year.

“Men have always been lagging behind women’s acceptance of cosmetic surgery as part of their normal aging process,” said Michael Olding, chief of plastic surgery at the George Washington University Medical Center, “but I think it’s no longer out of the norm.”

As he thought about going under the knife, Marek said, it never occurred to him that people would think it was unmanly to improve his appearance. “I think it’s more and more [for] regular guys,” he said.


Men have historically had a more positive body image than women, and they worried more about how their bodies performed than how they looked, according to Ann Kearney-Cooke, a psychologist from the Cincinnati Psychotherapy Institute who specializes in eating-disorder and body-image issues.

But times have changed, she said: Society is much more image-conscious, and male patients from their mid-30s through their 60s say looks are important to both social and professional success.

“Men are feeling that with the recession, economy, losing jobs, that the more youthful they look, the longer they’ll be able to stay in the job market,” she said. She added that they also found the dating scene competitive, telling her, “My father’s generation, you had a good job, you’re a decent guy, and you could get anyone you want. But I have that and women have that, too — and, you know, it’s harder.’ ”

Being and feeling active is important — but so is looking fit and active. “I think that’s a new pressure for men,” Kearney-Cooke said.“I think that’s a real shift that’s happened in our culture.”

Before his surgery, Marek was spending at least an hour in the gym, five days a week. On the weekends, he enjoyed being outdoors and going fishing.

“I wanted to look like I felt,” said Marek. “We [baby boomers] take better care of ourselves and we go to the gym more and live longer, and we want to look the part. ”

His plastic surgeon, Stephen Baker, told him that Botox injections would remove some of the superficial wrinkles. A relatively noninvasive “lunchtime lift” would smooth and tighten his facial features for at least a year.

But Marek thought he needed a more aggressive approach. Baker recommended a “male facelift,” tip rhinoplasty (nose surgery) and eyelid surgery.

“He’d look a little rugged but without that tight look,” said Baker, a plastic surgery professor at Georgetown University Hospital.

Baker told Marek the facelift would involve removing excess fat, redistributing some of the deep tissue in Marek’s face and gently tugging on the skin. Tightening loose ligaments around the face and eyes would keep the fat and tissues from sliding back out of place, helping to maintain a youthful, more-rested appearance.

He said the average cost of the six-hour procedure was about $7,000 and it would involve a recovery time of two to three weeks. The results, he said, could last a decade.

When Marek returned to the gym about a month after the procedure, he said, people noticed a change.

“One of the personal trainers came up to me and asked me if I shaved my mustache or something, or if I changed my hair,” Marek said. “It wasn’t drastic.”

Now, almost a year after the procedure, Marek said, people have stopped telling him how tired he looks.

“If I live another 15 years,” Marek added, “I’ll do it again.”

2011 Summer Solstice

   Sol + stice derives from a combination of Latin words meaning "sun" + "to stand still." As the days lengthen, the sun rises higher and higher until it seems to stand still in the sky.

As a major celestial event, the Summer Solstice results in the longest day and the shortest night of the year. The Northern Hemisphere celebrates in June, but the people on the Southern half of the earth have their longest summer day in December.

Early Celebrations

Awed by the great power of the sun, civilizations have for centuries celebrated the first day of summer otherwise known as the Summer Solstice, Midsummer (see Shakespeare), St. John's Day, or the Wiccan Litha.

The Celts & Slavs celebrated the first day of summer with dancing & bonfires to help increase the sun's energy. The Chinese marked the day by honoring Li, the Chinese Goddess of Light.
Perhaps the most enduring modern ties with Summer Solstice were the Druids' celebration of the day as the "wedding of Heaven and Earth", resulting in the present day belief of a "lucky" wedding in June.

Today, the day is still celebrated around the world - most notably in England at Stonehenge and Avebury, where thousands gather to welcome the sunrise on the Summer Solstice.

Pagan spirit gatherings or festivals are also common in June, when groups assemble to light a sacred fire, and stay up all night to welcome the dawn.


Summer Solstice Fun Facts

    Pagans called the Midsummer moon the "Honey Moon" for the mead made from fermented honey that was part of wedding ceremonies performed at the Summer Solstice.

    Ancient Pagans celebrated Midsummer with bonfires, when couples would leap through the flames, believing their crops would grow as high as the couples were able to jump.

    Midsummer was thought to be a time of magic, when evil spirits were said to appear. To thwart them, Pagans often wore protective garlands of herbs and flowers. One of the most powerful of them was a plant called 'chase-devil', which is known today as St. John's Wort and still used by modern herbalists as a mood stabilizer.

More about summer solstice around the Web:

On the Web, discover more about the topic, where & how Summer Solstice is celebrated around the world along with related history, folklore and rituals that mark the much-awaited long, bright days of summer ....

Summer Solstice - Good overview of its history, customs & holidays, illustrations, date & time charts and related links, from Wikipedia.

Summer Solstice Celebrations - Ancient & Modern - Skip past the intrusive ads for a detailed discussion about how the day has been celebrated over the centuries, and in many cultures, with suggested reading and related links.

BBC Religion - Summer Solstice - A brief overview of Pagan rituals and ceremonies with related links to more facts & information.

Weird Wilstshire - Summer Solstice - Archived pictures with a report on one particularly successful UK sunrise celebration, including related links & online forum.

The Pagan Festival of Litha - The origins of Druidic Summer Solstice celebrations and their meaning in the natural cycle of seasons.

Hope Dworaczyk nationality

Hope Dworaczyk nationality is American.
Ethnicity:White

Hope Dworaczyk was born in November 21, 1984 in Port Lavaca, Texas, USA.
The Supermodel height is 179 cm.
Jason Kidd ethnicity nationality

Heidi Montag Shows That Plastic Surgery Doesn’t Work

Heidi Montag Shows That Plastic Surgery Doesn’t Work

Or at least that’s one possible interpretation of this little story about Heidi Montag and her exercise regime/plastic surgery.

Before she slipped back into a bikini for Saturday’s party at Las Vegas’ Wet Republic — the last time she was photographed in a two-piece was April 2010 — Heidi Montag spent some serious time in the gym.

There’s a concept that economists like to ponder (economists’ opinion on Ms. Montag is, shamefully, as yet unsurveyed).

Are things, activities, complements or substitutes?

A complement (no, not a compliment) is something that works well together. Fries and ketchup, mustard and roast beef, or in something that has actually been studied by economists, the connection between online pornography and rape.

A substitute is rather different: instead of working well together, like a complement, a substitute is an either or. With food it’s either rice or pasta, either beef or seafood (and yes, there’s surf n’ turf where they are a complement).

With that online pornography and rape there are those that say that as men see more of it, see more objectification of women, they become more likely to rape. There are also those who posit that more porn means, well, more of that solitary activity which accompanies it, and thus less rape as those who would rape have dealt with their sexual urges in a private manner.

In the economists’ terms, are pornography and rape complements, in which case more of one means more of the other, or are they substitutes, in which case more of one will mean less of the other?

That rape rates, incidences, have fallen hugely over the recent decades as the internet brings the pictures to all would seem to be an argument that they are substitutes, not complements. Indeed, there’s a study out there which claims to track this by state as broadband expands (which, annoyingly, I cannot find right now despite my haing written at least one article on it years ago). As broadband arrives, rape rates decline.

But what’s this got to do with Ms. Montag? Well, famously, she:

After famously undergoing 10 cosmetic surgeries in late 2009,

And I had always thought that cosmetic surgery was a substitute for working out in the gym. Now I find out that it’s merely a complement. If you do the one then you have to do the other still, as well.

Agreed, unless beer bellies, freckles and excessive hair are going to be the new thing I’m unlikely to be invited to any bikini parties but the thought that one has to both go under the knife and also exercise rather puts me off both. For I’d always thought that the plastic surgery part was to avoid having to do the work, was a substitute for the working out.

Apparently not.